Russian Cuisine is a mixture of many cultural traditions. Rus-sian cuisine includes all kinds of vegetables, mushrooms, meat, milk products, honey, fruits and berries, and a variety of wheat, barley, and rye grains.The Russian people have always been gourmets. Many names of Russian dishes and liquors have become international. For ex-ample: vodka, Mini, piroshki, pelmeni.In Moscow restaurants you can taste the traditional Russian fish soup “ukha” with a huge crawfish. There is a big choice of appetizers, soups on the menu: Russian meat soup with fresh cab-bage — shchi, meat and fish soup — solyanka, kidney soup with dills — rassolnik, fish soup — ukha, okroshka soup, green sorrel soup and cold beetroot soup — svekolnik.For snacks the guests can taste cold meat dishes: ham, cold boiled pork — buzhenina, jellied tongue, meat jelly with horse- radish sauce and various salads. The waiters recommend the guests pressed and red caviar, salmon, stuffed pike-perch, stur-geon in aspic, herring, marinated herring, smoked sprats and so on. The guests can also choose blini with caviar and salmon.For the main course the guests can order sturgeon of any kind — boiled, steamed or on a spit. There are a lot of meat dishes on the menu: roast veal, beef-Stroganoff, minced meat wrapped in cabbage leaves — golubtsi, roast chicken, roast duck, goose stuffed with apples and sauerkraut, and so on. Russians are great lovers of pelmeni, small Siberian meat pies boiled in broth.Russian cooking has a great variety of desserts. Kissel has been a favorite dish for many centuries. Kissel is made from fresh or dried fruits or from berries. For dessert you can also have ap-ples baked with sugar, fruit and berry juice.Russian cuisine is famous for a large variety of milk products: cottage cheese — tvorog, thick sour cream — smetana, and Russian yogurts — kefir and ryazhenka.The guests can taste various Russian pies. They are pies with fish filling — rasstegai, a pie with meat or cabbage filling — kulebiaka, open tarts with curd — vatrushki.Russian honey-cakes are called prianiki, thick О-shaped rolls are called boubliki, dry О-shaped rolls are called baranki or sooshki. Wheat loaves have dozens of varieties. As to rye bread, Russians eat more of it than any nation in the world — a peculiarity of the Russian diet. ОТВЕТЬТЕ НА ВОПРОСЫ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЮ ТЕКСТА. Computer-oriented data processing systems or just computer data processing systems are not designed to imitate manual systems. They should combine the capabilities of both humans and computers. Computer data processing systems can be designed to take advantage of four capabilities of computers. 1. Accuracy. Once data have been correctly entered into the computer component of a data processing system, the need for further manipulation by humans is eliminated, and the possibility of error is reduced. Computers, when properly programmed, aren’t able to make computational errors. Of course, computer systems remain vulnerable to the entry by humans of invalid data. 2. Ease of communications. Data, once entered, can be transmitted wherever needed by communications networks. These may be either earth or satellite-based systems. A travel reservations system is an example of a data communications network. Reservation clerks throughout the world may make an enquiry about transportation or lodgings and receive an almost instant response. Another example is an office communications system that provides executives with access to a corporate data base, from their personal microcomputer work stations. 3. Capacity of storage. Computers are able to store vast amounts of information, to organize it, and to retrieve it in ways that are far beyond the capabilities of humans. The amount of data that can be stored on devices such as magnetic discs is constantly increasing. All the while, the cost per character of data stored is decreasing. 4. Speed. The speed, at which computer data processing systems can respond, adds to their value. For example, the travel reservations system mentioned above is not useful if clients have to wait more than a few seconds for a response. The response required might be a fraction of a second. Thus, an important objective in the design of computer data processing systems is to allow computers to do what they do best and to free humans from routine, error-prone tasks. The most cost-effective computer data processing system is the one that does the job effectively and at the least cost. By using computers in a cost-effective manner, we will be better able to respond to the challenges and opportunities of our post-industrial, information-dependent society. Answer the following questions: 1. What capabilities should data-processing systems combine when designed? 2. What are the main advantages of computers? 3. What do you know of computers accuracy? 4. What is the function of communication networks? 5. Give examples of a data communication network. 6. What do you understand by capacity storage? 7. What other values of computer data processing systems do you know? 8. What is an important objective in the design of computer data processing systems? 9. What is the most effective computer data processing system? 10. What is the best way of responding to the challenges and opportunities of our post-industrial society 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Future Simple. (Все предложения относятся к будущему). 1. Before you (to cross) the park, you (to come) to a supermarket. 2. If I (to stay) some more days in your town, I (to call) on you and we (to have) a good talk. 3. After I (to finish) school, I (to enter) the University. 4. When he (to return) to Moscow, he (to call) on us. 5. If I (to see) him, I (to tell) him about their letter. 6. The child (not to be) healthy, if you (not to give) him much fruit. 7. I (to sing) you this song, if you (to tell) me the words. 8. If it (to be) very cold tonight, our car (not to start) in the morning. 9. I hope you (to join) us when we (to gather) in our country house the next time. 10. If the weather (to be) nice, we (to go) to the beach. X. Read and translate the following text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century. The union between England and Wales was enacted under the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284. In the Act of Union of 1707, England and Scotland agreed to permanent union as Great Britain; the legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801, with the adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, but in 1921, the Anglo-Irish treaty formalized a partition of Ireland, although six northern Irish counties remained part of the United Kingdom and became known as Northern Ireland and the current name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It was adopted in 1927. Great Britain was the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century. It played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth’s surface. United Kingdom is one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, a member of the EU, but still remains outside the European Monetary Union. In 1999 the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly of Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established. And it is significant issue in the UK. United Kingdom is located in the Western Europe, on the British Islands, including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland, between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. Total territory is 244,820 sq km. It has a border with Ireland. Its climate is temperate, moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current. The landscape of UK is mostly rugged hills and low mountains. Nowadays United Kingdom lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes, only 35 km from France and linked by tunnel under the English Channel. The lowest point is Fenland – 4 m; the highest one is Ben Nevis 1,343 m. Its natural resources are coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead. Official languages are English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales) and Scottish, as a form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland). Government type is constitutional monarchy. Administrative divisions of UK are the following: England is divided into 47 boroughs, 36 counties, 10 districts; North Ireland is divided into 24 districts, 2 cities, 6 counties; Scotland is divided into 32 council areas; Wales is divided into 11 county boroughs, 9 counties and dependent areas. The Chief of the state is Queen Elizabeth II since 6 February 1952; the Heir of the Crown is Prince Charles, the son of the queen. He was born on 14 November 1948. XI. Answer the questions on the text: 1. How long has England existed as a unified entity? 2. When was the union between England and Wales enacted? 3. When was the legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland implemented? 4. When was the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland adapted? 5. What is Northern Ireland? 6. Was Great Britain the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 17th century? 7. Is there a connection between France and Great Britain today? 8. Is the United Kingdom a member of the European Monetary Union? 9. Where is the United Kingdom located? 10. What climate has the United Kingdom? 11. What landscape has Great Britain? 12. What are the lowest and the highest points of the country? 13. What are official languages in Great Britain? 14. What are the natural resources? XII. Translate from English into Russian: to exist, entity, to enact, permanent, to implement, adoption, partition, county, to remain, current, maritime XIII. Translate from Russian into English: 1 Зенит; 2 иметь протяжение, простираться, тянуться; 3 Содружество (свободное объединение независимых государств, не имеющее общего договора или конституции); 4 Европейский монетный союз; 5 граница; умеренный (о климате и т. П. ); 6 ослаблять, смягчать; 7 преобладать, господствовать, превалировать, доминировать; 8 ландшафт, пейзаж; 9 уголь; 10 нефть; 11 известняк; 12 железная руда; 13 глина, глинозем.
