Луи Пастер Луи Пастер родился 27 декабря 1822 года в Доле, Франция. Его семья была бедной, и во время его раннего образования он был средним учеником, который пользовался искусством и пением. Однако, когда Луис подвергался науке в подростковом возрасте, он знал он нашел свое призвание. В 1838 году Луис пошел в колледж, чтобы стать учителем науки. Он получил ученые степени в области математики, физики и химии. Затем он стал профессором химии в Страсбургском университете. В университете он влюбился в дочь ректора университета Мари Лорана. Он и Мари вышли замуж в 1849 году. У них было пятеро детей, однако трое умерли от тифа. Смерть его детей заставила Луис расследовать инфекционные заболевания, чтобы найти лекарство. Во времена Пастера люди полагали, что микробы, такие как бактерии, появились из-за спонтанного генерации, полагая, что бактерии просто появились из ниоткуда. Пастер экспериментировал, чтобы убедиться, что это правда. В своих экспериментах он доказал, что микробы (т. Е. Бактерии) живут вещи, которые исходили от других живых существ. Они не просто спонтанно появлялись. Это было важным открытием в изучении биологии и заработало Пастера как прозвище «Отец зародышевой теории». Пастер использовал свои знания о микробах, чтобы исследовать, как такие напитки, как вино и молоко, были испорчены микробами, такими как бактерий и плесени. Он обнаружил, что нагрев жидкостей убьет большинство микробов и позволит напиткам прослужить дольше и будет безопаснее пить. Его процесс стал известный как пастеризация, и все еще делается на многих продуктах, таких как молоко, уксус, вина, сыр и соки. Поскольку Пастер все больше узнавал о бактериях, он начал думать, что они могут быть причиной болезней у людей. Когда французскому шелковому рынку угрожала болезнь шелкопрядам, Пастер решил провести расследование. Он обнаружил, что это заболевание было вызвано микробами. Исключив микробы из ферм шелкопряда, он смог прекратить болезнь и спасти французский шелковый бизнес. Пастер продолжал расследовать заболевания. Он обнаружил, что он может сделать слабую форму болезни, которая заставит людей застраховаться от более сильной формы болезни. Он назвал эту слабую форму «вакциной». Он впервые обнаружил это, работая с крупным рогатым скотом на болезни сибирской язвы. Первой вакциной, которую он дал человеку, была вакцина против бешенства. Он вел его девятилетнему мальчику по имени Джозеф Майстер в 1885 году. Сегодня Луи Пастер известен как один из самых важных ученых в истории. Его открытия Пастер продолжал расследовать заболевания. Он обнаружил, что он может сделать слабую форму болезни, которая заставит людей застраховаться от более сильной формы болезни. Он назвал эту слабую форму «вакциной». Он впервые обнаружил это, работая с крупным рогатым скотом на болезни сибирской язвы. Первой вакциной, которую он дал человеку, была вакцина против бешенства. Он вел его девятилетнему мальчику по имени Джозеф Майстер в 1885 году. Сегодня Луи Пастер известен как один из самых важных ученых в истории. Его открытия Пастер продолжал расследовать заболевания. Он обнаружил, что он может сделать слабую форму болезни, которая заставит людей застраховаться от более сильной формы болезни. Он назвал эту слабую форму «вакциной». Он впервые обнаружил это, работая с крупным рогатым скотом на болезни сибирской язвы. К пониманию микробов и болезней, которые помогли спасти миллионы и миллионы жизней.
Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur was born
in Dole, France on
... December 27, 1822. His family was
poor and during his early education he was an average student who enjoyed art and singing. However, when Louis was exposed
to science as a teenager, he knew
he had found
his calling.
In 1838, Louis went
to college to become a science teacher. He earned
degrees in mathematics, physics, and chemistry. He then became
a chemistry professor at the University of Strasbourg.
While at university, he fell
in love with the daughter of the university’s
rector, Marie Laurent. He and Marie married in 1849. They had
five children, however, three died young from typhoid fever. It was
the deaths of his children that drove Louis to investigate infectious diseases in order to find
a cure.
During Pasteur’s
time, people believed
that microbes, such as bacteria, appeared
due to "spontaneous generation". They thought
that the bacteria just appeared
out of nowhere. Pasteur ran
experiments to see
if this was
true. Through his experiments he proved
that germs (i.e. bacteria) were living
things that came from other living things. They didn’t just spontaneously appear
. This was
a major discovery in the study of biology and earned Pasteur the nickname the "Father of Germ Theory".
Pasteur used
his knowledge of germs to investigate
how beverages such as wine and milk were spoiled
by microbes such as bacteria and molds. He found
that heating
up the liquids would kill
most of the microbes and allow the beverages to last longer and be safer to drink. This process became
known as pasteurization and is still done on many foods such as milk, vinegar, wines, cheese, and juices.
As Pasteur learned
more and more about bacteria, he began
to think they may be
the cause of disease in humans. When the French silk market was threatened
by a disease to silkworms, Pasteur decided
to investigate. He discovered
that this disease was caused
by microbes. By eliminating
the microbes from the silkworm farms, he was
able to end the disease and save the French silk business.
Pasteur continued
to investigate with diseases. He found
that he could make
a weak form of a disease that would cause people to become immune to the stronger form of the disease. He called
this weak form a "vaccine". He first discovered
this by working
with cattle on the disease anthrax. The first vaccine he gave to a human was
the rabies vaccine. He administered
it to a nine-year-old boy named Joseph Meister in 1885.
Today Louis Pasteur is known
as one of the most important scientists in history. His discoveries led
to an understanding of microbes and diseases that has helped to save millions and millions of lives.
Ответьте на вопросы:
Why did he decide
to investigate infectious diseases?
His children died
He was
a professor of chemistry
He was running
some experiments with bacteria
What is
"pasteurization"?
Pasteur’s
laboratory
Process
of heating beverages
Examination of bacteria
How did Pasteur save
the French silk business?
He invested
some money in it
He reduced
the amount of microbes on the farms
He investigated the cause of the disease
Who did he give his first vaccination to?
To himself
To animals
To a boy
What field were his main inventions in?
Mathematics, physics and chemistry
Science and business
Bacteria and diseases
poor and during his early education he was an average student who enjoyed art and singing. However, when Louis was exposed
to science as a teenager, he knew
he had found
his calling.
In 1838, Louis went
to college to become a science teacher. He earned
degrees in mathematics, physics, and chemistry. He then became
a chemistry professor at the University of Strasbourg.
While at university, he fell
in love with the daughter of the university’s
rector, Marie Laurent. He and Marie married in 1849. They had
five children, however, three died young from typhoid fever. It was
the deaths of his children that drove Louis to investigate infectious diseases in order to find
a cure.
During Pasteur’s
time, people believed
that microbes, such as bacteria, appeared
due to "spontaneous generation". They thought
that the bacteria just appeared
out of nowhere. Pasteur ran
experiments to see
if this was
true. Through his experiments he proved
that germs (i.e. bacteria) were living
things that came from other living things. They didn’t just spontaneously appear
. This was
a major discovery in the study of biology and earned Pasteur the nickname the "Father of Germ Theory".
Pasteur used
his knowledge of germs to investigate
how beverages such as wine and milk were spoiled
by microbes such as bacteria and molds. He found
that heating
up the liquids would kill
most of the microbes and allow the beverages to last longer and be safer to drink. This process became
known as pasteurization and is still done on many foods such as milk, vinegar, wines, cheese, and juices.
As Pasteur learned
more and more about bacteria, he began
to think they may be
the cause of disease in humans. When the French silk market was threatened
by a disease to silkworms, Pasteur decided
to investigate. He discovered
that this disease was caused
by microbes. By eliminating
the microbes from the silkworm farms, he was
able to end the disease and save the French silk business.
Pasteur continued
to investigate with diseases. He found
that he could make
a weak form of a disease that would cause people to become immune to the stronger form of the disease. He called
this weak form a "vaccine". He first discovered
this by working
with cattle on the disease anthrax. The first vaccine he gave to a human was
the rabies vaccine. He administered
it to a nine-year-old boy named Joseph Meister in 1885.
Today Louis Pasteur is known
as one of the most important scientists in history. His discoveries led
to an understanding of microbes and diseases that has helped to save millions and millions of lives.
Ответьте на вопросы:
Why did he decide
to investigate infectious diseases?
His children died
He was
a professor of chemistry
He was running
some experiments with bacteria
What is
"pasteurization"?
Pasteur’s
laboratory
Process
of heating beverages
Examination of bacteria
How did Pasteur save
the French silk business?
He invested
some money in it
He reduced
the amount of microbes on the farms
He investigated the cause of the disease
Who did he give his first vaccination to?
To himself
To animals
To a boy
What field were his main inventions in?
Mathematics, physics and chemistry
Science and business
Bacteria and diseases
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